1. Arch expansion with fixed appliance techniques 

2.Classification of expansion appliances

3.Fixed appliances

i) Rapid maxillary expansion appliance Tooth born : Hyrax , Isaccson. Tooth and tissue born : Hass , Derichsweiler , Arnold, IPC expander. Contents DrRavikanthLakkakula

ii) Slow maxillary expansion appliances W arch , Quad helix, NiTi expander, Trombone appliance, Transforce appliance, Mobile intraoral arch appliance, Williams expander, Srping jet, 3D modular appliance, Begg technique , Preadjusted edgewise technique, Invisaligners.

4. Retention and stability.

5. Conclusion.

6.References. 

Expansion in arch has been one of the oldest means of creating space in the dental arches.

1. It is also one of the conservative method of gaining space.

2.It can also be used to correct the intermaxillary and dental arch relationships primarily in transverse direction.

3.It enables correction of crossbites early in treatment.

• In 1860 Emerson C Angell placed a screw between maxillary premolar of a girl aged 14 yrs and wider her arch in two weeks.

• In 1877 Walter coffin demonstrated the expansion of the maxillary arch using spring which caused separation of the mid palatal suture in children.

In 1929 described improved nasal function after maxillary expansion.

In 1960 reported increased nasal width, gain in arch and lowering of mandible with bite opening.